Ans. Biodiversity and its maintenance are very important for sustaining life on the Earth. A few of the reasons explaining the significance of biodiversity is as follows:
1. Ecological Stability: - Every species
has a specific role in an ecosystem. They capture and store energy and also
produce and decompose organic matter. The ecosystem supports the services
without which humans cannot survive. A diverse ecosystem is more productive and
can withstand environment stress.
2. Economic Importance: - Biodiversity
is a reservoir of resources for the manufacture of food, cosmetic products and
pharmaceuticals. Crops livestock, fishery and forests are a rich source of
food. Wild plants such as Cinchona and Foxglove plants are used
for medicinal purposes. Wood, fibres, perfumes, lubricants, rubbers, resins,
poison and cork are all derived from different plant species. The national
parks and sanctuaries are a source of tourism. They are a source of beauty and
joy for many people.
3. Ethical Importance: - All the species
have a right to exist. Humans should not cause their voluntary extinction. Biodiversity
preserves different cultures and spiritual heritage. Therefore, it is very
important to conserve bio-diversity.
IN-SITU
CONSERVATION
In-situ conversation is a special method
of conserving wildlife species in their own natural habitats. The essence of
the in-situ conservation techniques is hidden in their stress on the onsite
protection of biodiversity. The belief that biodiversity flourishes while
growing in the midst of its natural home, where each of the endangered species
can adapt and evolve with the changing environment. in situ conservationists
believe in the preservation, monitoring and management of natural areas that
are home to endangered species. The creation of national parks, biosphere
reserves and sanctuaries serve as ways of protecting species as well as ensuring
their dynamic natural growth.
EX-SITU
CONSERVATION
Ex-situ conservation proposes the
protection of species outside their natural habitat. Under this form of conservation,
artificial habitats that mimic the natural environment of endangered species
are created. This enables the protection of endangered and almost extinct
species by restricting their mobility and reducing the threat of potential
predators. These methods also encourage captive breeding to boost the member
counts of species and prevent extinction. In certain cases, ex situ
conservation is the only plausible means of undertaking protection of
biodiversity. It includes zoological parks, botanical gardens and seed banks.
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN IN-SITU AND EX-SITU CONSERVATION
The main difference between in situ and
ex situ conservation is in terms of the definition and meaning of each term. While
the former stands for the ways of conserving endangered species of plants and
animals within their natural habitats, the latter refers to the ways of
conserving biodiversity offsite, i.e. outside their natural habitat.
The second seminal difference between
the two is kind of environment and habitats created by each. While in situ
conservation, we create national parks and sanctuaries to protect wildlife in
their natural environment; in ex situ conservation, we uses artificially
created environment that resemble the natural living space of species.
All species are allowed to adapt and
multiple in in-situ conservatory methodology. Under ex-situ conservation, captive
breeding helps boosts the numbers of some species. However, natural
adaptability is absent in the later.
CONCLUSION
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